How was the speed of light measured?

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The fastest traveling thing in the universe is light with a speed of about 299792km / s. But do you know when, who and how to measure this speed of light.

In olden times people believed that the speed of light is infinite and it can cover any distance immediately, but some scientists were not convinced. At that time there were many scientists who tried to measure the speed of light, the first attempt to measure the speed of light was done by Galileo Galilei.

Galileo Galilei attempts

The first attempt to measure the speed of light was made by Galileo Galilei. Galilei tried to measure the speed of light through one of his experiments.

Galileo's experiment was as follows

Galilei put two men on two high hills, each holding a lantern in their hands which was covered with cloth. Galileo asked the two men to remove the cloth from the lantern in such a way that when one person removed the cloth, the other saw the light of the lantern and when the other person removed the cloth, the first person saw the light.

He then tried to measure the time between one person removing the cloth and another person seeing the light, but he could not forgive that time because the distance between the two persons was too short. In this way, this experiment by Galilei was unsuccessful. Subsequently an astronomer and ol Roemer attempted to measure the speed of light.

Ol Roemer's attempt

In 1970, an astronomer named ol Roemer. He was once studying the moon Io (Io) of the planet Jupiter. Io takes 1.76 days to complete one revolution of Jupiter. And the time it takes to revolve is always the same. But when Roemer was studying the eclipse of that moon, he found that this moon does not always appear to pass through the face of Brahaspati at the same time of the year. Meaning that the time of his eclipse is not fixed. This thing surprised everyone, but at that time no one knew why this happened.

Roemer then did even more research and concluded that the time between two eclipses increases when Jupiter and his moon are away from the Earth and the time between two eclipses when they are near the Earth Is less.

Now you must be thinking, what is the relation between Jupiter's lunar eclipse and the speed of light?

We can see any event only when its light reaches us and when Jupiter and its moon are away from the Earth, it takes longer time for its light to reach us, that is why we see the eclipse of Io much later. . And when Jupiter and its Moon are near the Earth, their light takes less time to reach the Earth, so Io's eclipse is visible to us quickly.

Roemer understood this. He calculated the speed of light from the difference between the time the Io appeared and the distance between Jupiter and the Earth, but at that time ol Roemer measured the speed of light at 214,000km/s. But in today's time, the speed of light is considered to be 299792km/s. In fact, Roemer had made a slight error in measuring the speed of light because the people at that time did not have a proper knowledge of the distances of the solar system, they did not know the exact distance of Earth and Jupiter at that time, for this reason the light emitted by them The pace was not correct. But he became the first person who detected a certain speed of light.

After this, science developed over time

And we got accurate knowledge of the speed of light. In 1973, the speed of light was described by a scientist Avanson at 299792.4574 km, followed by the exact speed of light in 1983 which was 299792.458 km.

Source

www.google.com

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