Defination

Open source software is a type of computer software in which source code is released under license in which the copyright holder grants users the rights to study, change and distributed the software to anyone and for any purpose

Design Step-1: The superelevation for 75 percent of design speed is calculated neglecting the friction. ecal = V^2/225R Step-2: If ea<emax(7%) eca is provided If ec> ene(7%) then provide the maximum superelevation equal to 0.07 & proceed with step (3) & step (4). Step-3: Check the coefficient of friction developed for the maximum value of 'e' =0.07 at the full value of design speed. gy, Kharag f = {(V2 / 127 R) - 0.07) If the value of f thus calculated is less than 0.15, t superelevation of 0.07 is safe for the design speed If not, calculate the restricted speed as given in step (4) Step 4: Allowable speed (V, km/h) at the curve is calculated by considering the design coefficient of lateral friction and the maximum superelevation e + f = 0.07+ 0.16 = 0:22 = V 2/127 R

Example Problem-1 Ruling design speed and minimum design speed values 80 km/hr and 60 km/hr respectively Calculate the Ruling and minimum radius of horizontal curve. Solution Maximum values of e = 0.07 and f = 0.15 Ruling= V/127(e+f) = 80?/127(0.07+0.15) = 229.1 = 230m (say) Rmin= V2/127(e+f) = 60²/127(0.07+0.15) = 188.84 =190m

A thing that has has the shape of a single curve, especially one that is broad in the center and tapers to a point at each end.

Biotechnology can possibly take into account the need and trust in natural insurance and the executives. Bioremediation are immediate use of biotechnology. What is Bioremediation Bioremediation is made of Greek word "Bio implies Life" and Latin word "Remedian importance reestablishing harmony " Bioremediation is the way toward utilizing natural life form to take care of an ecological issues sach as control soil or groundwater. It is tidy up innovation that utilizes normally happening living being to corrupt or carrier different peril years synthetic to less destructive on nontoxic mixes. What are the two sorts of bioremediation? What are the Various Kinds of Bioremediation? Microbial bioremediation utilizes microorganisms to separate contaminants by utilizing them as a food source. Phytoremediation utilizes plants to tie, concentrate, and tidy up contaminations, for example, pesticides, oil hydrocarbons, metals, and chlorinated solvents. For what r

When we provide curve between two tangent that meeting together at any angel is called horizontal alignment.  Horizontal Alignment . It is defined as straight segments of the roads, which are connected by the suitable curves. ...  Horizontal  curve is designed on the basis of driver limitations, curve radius, profile, cost, vehicle characteristics, and design speed and design considerations.      What is horizontal alignment in road design? Horizontal alignment in road design  consists of straight sections of  road , known as tangents, connected by circular  horizontal  curves. Circular curves are defined by radius (tightness) and deflection angle (extent). ... Using AASHTO standards, an engineer works to  design  a  road  that is safe and comfortable. What are the types of horizontal curve?  Types of Horizontal Curve;  Simple Curve: A simple arc provided in the road to impose a curve between the two straight lines. Compound Curve: Combination of two simple curves co

To Counteract the effect of centrifugal force and to reduce the tendency of the vehicle to overturn or skid, the outer edge of the pavement is raised with respect to the inner edge - this transverse inclination to the pavement surface is known as super elevation or Can't as per Indian road congress. What is super elevation and why it is provided? Super elevation is provided to achieve the higher speed of vehicles. It increases the stability of fast-moving vehicles when they pass through a horizontal curve, and it also decreases the stresses on the foundation. What is the purpose of superelevation? Superelevation is the rotation of the pavement on the approach to and through a horizontal curve. Superelevation is intended to assist the driver by counteracting the lateral acceleration produced by tracking the curve. How do you calculate superelevation? Design of superelevation Calculate the superelevation necessary for 75% design speed and assume No lateral friction