KARST TOPOGRAPHY UPSC

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  • LIMESTONE AREA IS CALLED KARST AREA.
  • IT IS FOUND IN FOLDED MOUNTAIN, KARST AREA IS LOCATED IN DINARIK ALPS IN WEST YUGOSLAVIA. 
  • BESIDES IT KARST AREA IS FOUND OVER ROCKIS, ANDES HIMALAYA etc. 
  • MOST COMPLEX AND INTERLOCKED CAVES ARE FOUND IN PAMIR REGION.
  • SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF CAVE IS CALLED SPELEOLOGY. KRAS(SLAVIC)
KARST TOPOGRAPHY UPSC



CARSO[ITALIAN] KARST PROCESSES ÇAUSSES (FRENCH


1. SOLUTION OR CARBONATION 

DUE TO PRESENT OF VARIOUS GASSES AND ACID IN WATER, IT ACT AS A IMPORTANT SOLVENT. IT MAY NOT BE EFFECTIVE FOR ALL ROCKS BUT WHEN IT'S COME TO CONTACT WITH LIME STONE, DOLOMITES OR CLACK IT BECOME MOST POWER FULL AGENT OF EROSION. 

2. HYDRAULIC ACTION


DUE TO ENORMOUS FORCES IN RUNNING WATER IT STRIKE STREAM BED ON ITS BANK. IT MAY LOOSEN THE ROCKS, LIFT IT AND EASILY TRANSPORT IT. 

3. CORRASION OR ABRASION 


DAMAGE TO A SURFACE CAUSED BY RUNNING SOMETHING VERY HARD AGAINST IT. RUNNING WATER WHEN RUBBED WITH SAND, SILT AND OTHER SEDIMENTS ACTS AS VERY EFFECTIVE MEANS OF EROSION OF THE RIVER BED. IN THE UPPER REACHES THE RIVER WITH A STEEP GRADIENT CARRIES A LOT OF SUCH MATERIALS WHICH ACT AS A TOOL AND ARE EFFECTIVE IN CARVING HUGE VALLEY, GORGES AND CANYONS. IF THE RIVER IS FREE OF THESE SEDIMENTS THE EROSION BY ABRASION IS MINIMAL AND THE RIVER WOULD TAKE MUCH LONGER TO ERODE ITS BED.

4. ATTRITION 


WHEN THE STREAM LOAD(PEBBLE, SAND, SILT) MOVE TOGETHER, THEY CAUSE THEIR OWN WEARING AND TEAR BY COLLIDING WITH ONE ANOTHER. THIS ROUNDING AND SHAPING OF THESE PEBBLE AND BOULDER AMONGST THEMSELVES IS CALLED ATTRIBUTION.

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